doc/pages/06.contribute/10.packaging_apps/60.advanced/20.config_panels/config_panels.md

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---
title: Configuration panel for apps
template: docs
taxonomy:
category: docs
routes:
default: '/packaging_config_panels'
---
Configuration panels allow to let admins manage parameters or runs actions for which the upstream's app doesn't provide any appropriate UI itself. It's a good way to reduce manual change on config files and avoid conflicts on it.
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Those panels can also be used to quickly create interfaces that extend the capabilities of YunoHost (e.g. VPN Client, Hotspost, Borg, etc.).
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! Please: Keep in mind the YunoHost spirit, and try to build your panels in such a way as to expose only really useful, "high-level" parameters, and if there are many of them, to relegate those corresponding to rarer use cases to "Advanced" sub-sections. Keep it simple, focus on common needs, don't expect the admins to have 3 PhDs in computer science.
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## `config_panel.toml`'s principle and general format
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To create configuration panels for apps, you should at least create a `config_panel.toml` at the root of the package. For more complex cases, this TOML file can be paired with a `config` script inside the scripts directory of your package, which will handle specific controller logic.
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The `config_panel.toml` describes one or several panels, containing sections, each containing questions generally binded to a params in the app's actual configuration files.
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Let's imagine that the upstream app is configured using this simple `config.yml` file stored in the app's install directory (typically `/var/www/$app/config.yml`):
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```yaml
title: 'My dummy app'
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theme: 'white'
max_rate: 10
max_age: 365
```
We could for example create a simple configuration panel for it like this one, by following the syntax `[PANEL.SECTION.QUESTION]`:
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```toml
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version = "1.0"
[main]
[main.main]
[main.main.title]
ask.en = "Title"
type = "string"
bind = ":__INSTALL_DIR__/config.yml"
[main.main.theme]
ask.en = "Theme"
type = "select"
choices = ["white", "dark"]
bind = ":__INSTALL_DIR__/config.yml"
[main.limits]
[main.limits.max_rate]
ask.en = "Maximum display rate"
type = "number"
bind = ":__INSTALL_DIR__/config.yml"
[main.limits.max_age]
ask.en = "Duration of a dummy"
type = "number"
bind = ":__INSTALL_DIR__/config.yml"
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```
Here we have created one `main` panel, containing the `main` and `limits` sections, containing questions according to params name of our `config.yml` file. Thanks to the `bind` properties, all those questions are bind to their values in the `config.yml` file.
### Questions short keys have to be unique
For performance reasons, questions short keys have to be unique in all the `config_panel.toml` file, not just inside its panel or its section. Hence it's not possible to have:
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```toml
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[manual.vpn.server_ip]
[advanced.dns.server_ip]
```
In which two questions have "real variable name" `is server_ip` and therefore conflict with each other.
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! Some short keys are forbidden cause it can interfer with config scripts (`old`, `file_hash`, `types`, `binds`, `formats`, `changed`) and you probably should avoid to use common settings name to avoid to bind your question to this settings (e.g. `id`, `install_time`, `mysql_pwd`, `path`, `domain`, `port`, `db_name`, `current_revision`, `admin`)
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### Supported questions types and properties
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See [the full list of questions types and properties](/dev/forms)
### Reading and writing values
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You can read and write values with 2 mechanisms: the `bind` property in the `config_panel.toml` and for complex use cases the getter/setter in a `config` script.
### `bind` property
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The `bind` property allows to define where read and write the value bind to the question.
#### Default behaviour
If you did not define a specific getter/setter (see below), and no `bind` argument was defined, YunoHost will read/write the value from/to the app's `/etc/yunohost/apps/$app/settings.yml` file.
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#### Read / write into a var of an actual configuration file
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If you want to read/write the value from/to the app's actual configural file (be it `.env`-like, JSON, YAML, INI, PHP, `.py`, ...):
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```toml
[main.main.theme]
# (other properties ommited)
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bind = ":__INSTALL_DIR__/config.yml"
```
In which case, YunoHost will look for something like a key/value, with the key being `theme`.
If the question id in the config panel (here, `theme`) differs from the key in the actual conf file (let's say it's not `theme` but `css_theme`), then you can write:
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```toml
[main.main.theme]
# (other properties ommited)
bind = "css_theme:__FINALPATH__/config.yml"
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```
!!!! Note: This mechanism is quasi language agnostic and will use regexes to find something that looks like a key=value or common variants. However, it does assume that the key and value are stored on the same line. It doesn't support multiline text or file in a variable with this method. If you need to save multiline content in a configuration variable, you should create a custom getter/setter (see below).
Nested syntax is also supported, which may be useful for example to remove ambiguities about stuff looking like:
```json
{
"foo": {
"max": 123
},
"bar": {
"max": 456
}
}
```
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which we can `bind` to using:
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```toml
bind = "foo>max:__INSTALL_DIR__/conf.json"
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```
#### Read / write an entire file
Useful when using a question `file` or `text` for which you want to save the raw content directly as a file on the system.
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```toml
[main.main.logo]
# (other properties ommited)
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bind = "__INSTALL_DIR__/img/logo.png"
```
### Custom getter / setter
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Sometimes the `bind` mechanism is not enough:
- the config file format is not supported (e.g. xml, csv)
- the data is not contained in a config file (e.g. database, directory, web resources...)
- the data should be written but not read (e.g. password)
- the data should be read but not written (e.g. fetching status information)
- we want to change other things than the value (e.g. the choices list of a select)
- the question answer contains several values to dispatch in several places
- and so on
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You can create specific getter/setters functions inside the `scripts/config` of your app to customize how the information is read/written.
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```bash
#!/bin/bash
source /usr/share/yunohost/helpers
ynh_abort_if_errors
# Put your getter, setter and validator here
# Keep this last line
ynh_app_config_run $1
```
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#### Getter
A question's getter is the function used to read the current value/state. Custom getters are defined using bash functions called `getter__QUESTION_SHORT_KEY()` which returns data through stdout.
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Stdout can generated using one of those formats:
1) either a raw format, in which case the return is binded directly to the value of the question
2) or a yaml format, in this case you dynamically provide properties for your question (for example the `style` of an `alert`, the list of available `choices` of a `select`, etc.)
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[details summary="<i>Basic example with raw stdout: get the timezone on the system</i>" class="helper-card-subtitle text-muted"]
`config_panel.toml`
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```toml
[main.main.timezone]
ask = "Timezone"
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type = "string"
```
`scripts/config`
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```bash
get__timezone() {
echo "$(cat /etc/timezone)"
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}
```
[/details]
[details summary="<i>Basic example with yaml-formated stdout : Display a list of available plugins</i>" class="helper-card-subtitle text-muted"]
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`config_panel.toml`
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```toml
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[main.plugins.plugins]
ask = "Plugin to activate"
type = "tags"
choices = []
```
`scripts/config`
```bash
get__plugins() {
echo "choices: [$(ls $install_dir/plugins/ | tr '\n' ',')]"
}
```
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[/details]
[details summary="<i>Advanced example with yaml-formated stdout : Display the status of a VPN</i>" class="helper-card-subtitle text-muted"]
`config_panel.toml`
```toml
[main.cube.status]
ask = "Custom getter alert"
type = "alert"
style = "info"
bind = "null" # no behaviour on
```
`scripts/config`
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```bash
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get__status() {
if [ -f "/sys/class/net/tun0/operstate" ] && [ "$(cat /sys/class/net/tun0/operstate)" == "up" ]
then
cat << EOF
style: success
ask:
en: Your VPN is running :)
EOF
else
cat << EOF
style: danger
ask:
en: Your VPN is down
EOF
fi
}
```
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[/details]
#### Setter
A question's setter is the function used to set new value/state. Custom setters are defined using bash functions called `setter__QUESTION_SHORT_KEY()`. In the context of the setter function, variables named with the various quetion's short keys are avaible ... for example the user-specified date for question `[main.main.theme]` is available as `$theme`.
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When doing non-trivial operations to set a value, you may want to use `ynh_print_info` to inform the admin about what's going on.
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[details summary="<i>Basic example : Set the system timezone</i>" class="helper-card-subtitle text-muted"]
`config_panel.toml`
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```toml
[main.main.timezone]
ask = "Timezone"
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type = "string"
```
`scripts/config`
```bash
set__timezone() {
echo "$timezone" > /etc/timezone
ynh_print_info "The timezone has been changed to $timezone"
}
```
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[/details]
## Validation
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You will often need to validate data answered by the user before to save it somewhere.
Validation can be made with regex through `pattern` argument
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```toml
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pattern.regexp = '^.+@.+$'
pattern.error = 'An email is required for this field'
```
You can also restrict several types with a choices list.
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```toml
choices.foo = "Foo (some explanation)"
choices.bar = "Bar (moar explanation)"
choices.loremipsum = "Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet"
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```
Some other type specific argument exist like
| type | validation arguments |
| ----- | --------------------------- |
| `number`, `range` | `min`, `max`, `step` |
| `file` | `accept` |
| `boolean` | `yes` `no` |
Finally, if you need specific or multi variable validation, you can use custom validators function:
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```bash
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validate__login_user() {
if [[ "${#login_user}" -lt 4 ]]; then echo 'User login is too short, should be at least 4 chars'; fi
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}
```
## Other actions than read, validate and save
### Restart a service at the end
You can use the services key to specify which service need to be reloaded or restarted.
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```toml
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services = [ 'nginx', '__APP__' ]
```
This argument can be set on a single question, to a section, or to an entire panel.
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### Overwrite config panel mechanism
All main configuration helpers are overwritable, example:
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```bash
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ynh_app_config_apply() {
# Stop vpn client
touch /tmp/.ynh-vpnclient-stopped
systemctl stop ynh-vpnclient
_ynh_app_config_apply
# Start vpn client
systemctl start ynh-vpnclient
rm -f /tmp/.ynh-vpnclient-stopped
}
```
List of main configuration helpers
- `ynh_app_config_get`
- `ynh_app_config_show`
- `ynh_app_config_validate`
- `ynh_app_config_apply`
- `ynh_app_config_run`
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More info on this can be found by reading [vpnclient_ynh config script](https://github.com/YunoHost-Apps/vpnclient_ynh/blob/master/scripts/config)