diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 41f7aab..5e3f48c 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -53,21 +53,11 @@ your capacities and resources when aiming to setup a development environment.
 Yunohost can be developed on using a combination of the following technologies:
 
   * Git (any version is sufficient)
-  * Vagrant (>= 2.x)
-  * LXC (>= 3.x)
-  * Vagrant-LXC (>= 1.4.x)
+  * LXD (>= 2.x) (though only tested with 3.x for now)
 
-LXC is typically lightweight but you may find the initial setup complex
-(in particular network configuration). Alternatively, you may be able
-to setup a local environnement using Virtualbox which is kinda more
-resource-hungry :
-
-  * Virtualbox (>= 6.x)
-  * Vagrant-virtualbox (>= ?.?.?)
-
-Please keep in mind that these versions may not be available on your OS
-distribution and you may be required to install them as binary or from source.
-There are no guarantees of stability on newer major versions.
+Because LXC are containers, they are typically lightweight and quick to start and stop. 
+But you may find the initial setup complex (in particular network configuration). 
+LXD makes managing an LXC ecosystem much simpler.
 
 This local development path allows to work without an internet connection,
 but be aware that it will *not* allow you to easily test your email stack
@@ -75,14 +65,20 @@ or deal with deploying SSL certificates, for example, as your machine is
 likely to not be exposed on the internet. A remote machine should be used
 for these cases.
 
-Depending on your needs, this setup can be very convenient.
-
 If choosing this path, please keep reading at the [local development
 environment](#local-development-environment) section.
 
-Please note, there is also a setup guide for a local development path which
-does not require LXC. Please see the [Alternative: Only Virtualbox](#alternative-using-only-virtualbox)
-section for more.
+Alternatively, you may be able to setup a local environnement using Vagrant and
+Virtualbox which is kinda more resource-hungry because it is fully virtualized, 
+but might be more familiar and user-friendly if you already know your way around 
+Virtualbox's UI.
+
+  * Virtualbox (>= 6.x)
+  * Vagrant (>= ?.?.?)
+  * Vagrant-virtualbox (>= ?.?.?)
+
+See the [Alternative: Only Virtualbox](#alternative-using-only-virtualbox)
+section for more info.
 
 ## Remote Development Path
 
@@ -92,8 +88,8 @@ Yunohost can be deployed as a typical install on a remote VPS. You can then use
 This method can potentially be faster than the local development environment
 assuming you have familiarity with working on VPS machines, if you always have
 internet connectivity when working, and if you're okay with paying a fee. It
-is also a good option if the required system dependencies (Vagrant, Virtualbox,
-etc.) are not easily available to you on your distribution.
+is also a good option if the required system dependencies (LXD/LXC, Vagrant, 
+Virtualbox, etc.) are not easily available to you on your distribution.
 
 Please be aware that this method should **not** be used for a end-user facing
 production environment.
@@ -113,58 +109,33 @@ Here is the development flow:
 
 First you need to install the system dependencies.
 
-`ynh-dev` essentially requires Git, Vagrant, and and the LXC ecosystem. Please
-see the [local development path](#local-development-path) section for some idea
-of the versions required.
+`ynh-dev` essentially requires Git and the LXD/LXC ecosystem. Be careful that 
+**LXD can conflict with other installed virtualization technologies such as 
+libvirt or vanilla LXCs**, especially because they all require a daemon based 
+on DNSmasq and therefore require to listen on port 53.
 
-Please consider using the [latest Vagrant version from their website](https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html), distribution versions can include weird bugs that have been fixed upstream. If you still prefer to do that, here are the instructions:
-
-The following commands should work on **Linux Mint 19** (and possibly on any Debian Stretch?):
+On a Debian-based system (regular Debian, Ubuntu, Mint ...), LXD can be
+installed using `snapd`. On other systems like Archlinux, you will probably also
+be able to install `snapd` using the system package manager (or even
+`lxd` directly).
 
 ```bash
-$ sudo apt update
-$ sudo apt install git vagrant lxc-templates lxctl lxc cgroup-lite redir bridge-utils libc6 debootstrap libvirt-dev
-$ vagrant plugin install vagrant-lxc
-$ echo "cgroup        /sys/fs/cgroup        cgroup        defaults    0    0" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
-$ sudo mount /sys/fs/cgroup
-$ lxc-checkconfig
-$ echo "veth" | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
-```
-If you have install libvirtd, you need to stop it and kill dnsmasq libvirtd process, to avoid conflict with dhcp. If you don't ynh-dev start will fail because the lxc container won't be able to get an ip.
+apt install git snapd
+sudo snap install lxd
 
-On **Debian Buster**, I had to re-patch the driver.rb of vagrant-lxc plugin with [this version](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fgrehm/vagrant-lxc/2a5510b34cc59cd3cb8f2dcedc3073852d841101/lib/vagrant-lxc/driver.rb) (especially the `roofs_path` function). I also had to install `apparmor` then `systemctl restart apparmor` for `lxc-start` to work.
-
-Also check instruction on https://feeding.cloud.geek.nz/posts/lxc-setup-on-debian-stretch/.
-
-If you run **Archlinux**, this page should be quite useful to setup LXC: https://github.com/fgrehm/vagrant-lxc/wiki/Usage-on-Arch-Linux-hosts
-
-On **both Debian and Archlinux**, typically `/etc/default/lxc-net` and `/etc/lxc/default.conf` should look like this :
-
-```
-$ cat /etc/default/lxc-net
-USE_LXC_BRIDGE="true"
-LXC_BRIDGE="lxcbr0"
-LXC_ADDR="10.0.3.1"
-LXC_NETMASK="255.255.255.0"
-LXC_NETWORK="10.0.3.0/24"
-LXC_DHCP_RANGE="10.0.3.2,10.0.3.254"
-LXC_DHCP_MAX="253"
-
-$ cat /etc/lxc/default.conf
-lxc.net.0.type = veth
-lxc.net.0.link = lxcbr0
-lxc.net.0.flags = up
-lxc.net.0.hwaddr = 00:16:3e:xx:xx:xx
+# Adding lxc/lxd to /usr/local/bin to make sure we can use them easily even
+# with sudo for which the PATH is defined in /etc/sudoers and probably doesn't
+# include /snap/bin
+sudo ln -s /snap/bin/lxc /usr/local/bin/lxc
+sudo ln -s /snap/bin/lxd /usr/local/bin/lxd
 ```
 
-On **Debian Buster**, for backup stuff to work correctly with apparmor, I also had to add:
+Then you shall initialize LXD which will ask you a bunch of question. Usually
+answering the default (just pressing enter) to all questions is fine.
 
+```bash
+sudo lxd init
 ```
-mount options=(ro, remount, bind, rbind)
-mount options=(ro, remount, bind, relatime)
-```
-
-to `/etc/apparmor.d/lxc/lxc-default-cgns` and restart the apparmor service.
 
 Then, go into your favorite development folder and deploy `ynh-dev` with:
 
@@ -182,18 +153,26 @@ between the host and the LXC.
 
 When ran on the host, the `./ynh-dev` command allows you to manage YunoHost's dev LXCs.
 
-First, you might want to start a new LXC with:
+First, you might want to build the base LXC with:
 
 ```bash
 $ cd ynh-dev  # if not already done
+$ ./ynh-dev rebuild
+# ... This will take some time, grab your favorite beverage ...
+```
+
+This should create a fresh Debian Stretch LXC, install Yunohost inside and save
+the result as `ynh-dev-base` which can then be used to create your actual dev
+LXC. (This base can then be used to recreate a fresh Yunohost LXC if you need to
+destroy your work LXC)
+
+Then start your actual dev LXC using :
+
+```bash
 $ ./ynh-dev start
 ```
 
-This should download an already built LXC from `build.yunohost.org`. If this does not work (or the LXC is outdated), you might want to (re)build a fresh LXC locally with `./ynh-dev rebuild`.
-
-After starting the LXC, you should be automatically SSH'ed inside. If you later disconnect from the LXC, you can go back in with `./ynh-dev ssh`.
-
-Later, you might want to destroy the LXC. You can do so with `./ynh-dev destroy`.
+After starting the LXC, your terminal will automatically be attached to it. If you later disconnect from the LXC, you can go back in with `./ynh-dev attach`. Later, you might want to destroy the LXC. You can do so with `./ynh-dev destroy`.
 
 ## 3. Development and container testing
 
@@ -227,9 +206,7 @@ Note that `./ynh-dev use-git yunohost-admin` has a particular behavior: it start
 
 ## Advanced: using snapshots
 
-Vagrant is not well integrated with LXC snapshots.
-
-However, you may still use `lxc-snapshot` directly to manage snapshots.
+You can check `lxc snapshot --help` to learn how to manage lxc snapshots.
 
 ## Alternative: Using Only Virtualbox
 
diff --git a/Vagrantfile b/Vagrantfile
deleted file mode 100755
index 8fef620..0000000
--- a/Vagrantfile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-# -*- mode: ruby -*-
-# vi: set ft=ruby :
-
-# Vagrantfile API/syntax version. Don't touch unless you know what you're doing!
-VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION = "2"
-
-NETWORK = "10.0.3."
-
-HOSTS = {
-   "ynh-dev" => ["83", "ynh-dev"],
-   "ynh-dev-buster" => ["84", "ynh-dev-buster"],
-}
-
-Vagrant.configure(VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION) do |config|
-  
-  # Force guest type, because YunoHost /etc/issue can't be tuned
-  config.vm.guest = :debian
-  
-  HOSTS.each do | (name, cfg) |
-    ipaddr, version = cfg
-    
-    config.vm.define name do |machine|
-      machine.vm.box = "yunohost/" + version
-      # Force guest type, because YunoHost /etc/issue can't be tuned
-      machine.vm.guest = :debian
-
-      machine.vm.provider "lxc" do |lxc|
-        config.vm.box_url = "https://build.yunohost.org/" + version + "-lxc.box" 
-        config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/ynh-dev", id: "vagrant-root"
-        config.vm.network :private_network, ip: NETWORK + ipaddr, lxc__bridge_name: 'lxcbr0' 
-      end
-    end
-  end # HOSTS-each
-
-end
diff --git a/prebuild/Vagrantfile b/prebuild/Vagrantfile
deleted file mode 100644
index 86e45ec..0000000
--- a/prebuild/Vagrantfile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-# -*- mode: ruby -*-
-# vi: set ft=ruby :
-
-# Vagrantfile API/syntax version. Don't touch unless you know what you're doing!
-VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION = "2"
-
-$script = <<SCRIPT
-export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
-
-# Configure guest hostname
-sudo bash -c 'echo 127.0.1.1 yunohost.yunohost.org yunohost >> /etc/hosts'
-sudo hostname yunohost.yunohost.org
-sudo bash -c 'echo yunohost.yunohost.org > /etc/hostname'
-
-# Define root password
-echo -e "yunohost\nyunohost" | sudo passwd root
-
-# Allow sudo removal (YunoHost use sudo-ldap)
-export SUDO_FORCE_REMOVE=yes
-
-# Upgrade guest (done in install script)
-sudo apt-get update
-sudo apt-get -y --force-yes upgrade
-sudo apt-get -y --force-yes dist-upgrade
-
-# Install YunoHost
-wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/YunoHost/install_script/stretch/install_yunohost -q -O /tmp/install_yunohost
-sudo bash /tmp/install_yunohost -a -d unstable
-
-# Cleanup
-sudo apt-get clean -y
-SCRIPT
-
-NETWORK = "10.0.3."
-
-HOSTS = {
-   "ynh-dev" => ["83", "stretch64"],
-   "ynh-dev-buster" => ["84", "testing64"],
-}
-
-Vagrant.configure(VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION) do |config|
-
-  HOSTS.each do | (name, cfg) |
-  
-    ipaddr, box = cfg
-    
-    config.vm.define name do |machine|
-      machine.vm.box = "debian/" + box
-      machine.vm.provision "shell" do |s|
-        s.inline = $script
-        s.args   = ""
-      end
-      machine.vm.provider "lxc" do |lxc|
-        machine.vm.network :private_network, ip: NETWORK + ipaddr, lxc__bridge_name: 'lxcbr0'
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/ynh-dev b/ynh-dev
index 8b93f4e..6da7618 100755
--- a/ynh-dev
+++ b/ynh-dev
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ function show_usage() {
   ${BLUE}==============================${NORMAL}
 
   start [NAME]    (Create and) starts a LXC (ynh-dev by default)
-  ssh [NAME]      SSH into an already started LXC (ynh-dev by default)
+  attach [NAME]   Attach an already started LXC (ynh-dev by default)
   destroy [NAME]  Destroy the ynh-dev LXC (ynh-dev by default)
   rebuild         Rebuild a fresh, up-to-date box
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ function main()
         help|-h|--help)            show_usage     $ARGUMENTS ;;
 
         start|--start)             start_ynhdev   $ARGUMENTS ;;
-        ssh|--ssh)                 ssh_ynhdev     $ARGUMENTS ;;
+        attach|--attach)           attach_ynhdev  $ARGUMENTS ;;
         destroy|--destroy)         destroy_ynhdev $ARGUMENTS ;;
         rebuild|--rebuild)         rebuild_ynhdev $ARGUMENTS ;;
 
@@ -111,80 +111,90 @@ function create_sym_link() {
 #               Actions                                          #
 ##################################################################
 
-function check_lxc_setup()
+function check_lxd_setup()
 {
-    local LXC_VERSION=$(lxc-info --version)
+    # Check lxd is installed somehow
+    [[ -e /snap/bin/lxd ]] || which lxd 2>/dev/null \
+        || critical "You need to have LXD installed for ynh-dev to be usable from the host machine. Refer to the README to know how to install it."
 
-    [[ "${LXC_VERSION:0:1}" == 3 ]] \
-        || critical "You need at least version 3 of LXC otherwise the box won't work"
+    # Check that we'll be able to use lxc/lxd using sudo (for which the PATH is defined in /etc/sudoers and probably doesn't include /snap/bin)
+    if [[ ! -e /usr/bin/lxc ]] && [[ ! -e /usr/bin/lxd ]]
+    then
+        [[ -e /usr/local/bin/lxc ]] && [[ -e /usr/local/bin/lxd ]] \
+            || critical "You might want to add lxc and lxd inside /usr/local/bin so that there's no tricky PATH issue with sudo. If you installed lxd/lxc with snapd, this should do the trick: sudo ln -s /snap/bin/lxc /usr/local/bin/lxc && sudo ln -s /snap/bin/lxd /usr/local/bin/lxd"
+    fi
 
-    [[ $(systemctl is-active lxc-net) == "active" ]] \
-        || critical "Service lxc-net should be running ... You probably need to fix your lxc network conf before being able to use lxc's."
-
-    ip a | grep -q lxcbr0 \
-        || critical "There is no 'lxcbr0' interface. You probably need to fix your lxc network conf before being able to use lxc's."
+    ip a | grep -q lxdbr0 \
+        || critical "There is no 'lxdbr0' interface... Did you ran 'lxd init' ?"
 }
 
 function start_ynhdev()
 {
-    check_lxc_setup
+    check_lxd_setup
 
-    local NAME=${1:-ynh-dev}
-    local BOX_NAME="yunohost/$NAME"
-    local BOX_URL="https://build.yunohost.org/yunohost-$BOX_NAME-lxc.box"
+    local BOX=${1:-ynh-dev}
 
-    set -eu
-    # Download box if not available
-    #if ! vagrant box list | grep -qc $BOX_NAME ; then
-    #    info "Vagrant box '$BOX_NAME' is missing. Trying to download it"
-    #    vagrant box add $BOX_NAME $BOX_URL
-    #fi
+    if ! sudo lxc info $BOX &>/dev/null
+    then
+        sudo lxc image info $BOX-base &>/dev/null || critical "You should first build the base YunoHost LXC using ./ynh-dev rebuild"
+        set -eu
+        set -x
+        sudo lxc launch $BOX-base $BOX
+        sudo lxc config set $BOX security.privileged true
+        sudo lxc config device add $BOX ynhdev-shared-folder disk path=/ynh-dev source="$PWD"
+        set +x
+        info "Now attaching to the container"
+    else
+        info "Attaching to existing container"
+    fi
 
-    # Run VM
-    vagrant up $NAME
-
-    # Log into the VM
-    ssh_ynhdev $NAME
+    attach_ynhdev $BOX
 }
 
-function ssh_ynhdev()
+function attach_ynhdev()
 {
-    check_lxc_setup
-    local NAME=${1:-ynh-dev}
-    vagrant ssh $NAME -c "echo 'You are now inside the LXC !'; cd /ynh-dev; sudo su"
+    # We need those link for the yunohost-admin build to work without r/w
+    # permission in the shared folder.
+    #
+    # The target folders (/var/cache/ynh-dev/...) are then created during the
+    # './ynh-dev use-git yunohost-admin'
+    if [[ ! -L ./yunohost-admin/src/dist ]]
+    then
+        ln -s /var/cache/ynh-dev/yunohost-admin/bower_components ./yunohost-admin/src/
+        ln -s /var/cache/ynh-dev/yunohost-admin/node_modules ./yunohost-admin/src/
+        ln -s /var/cache/ynh-dev/yunohost-admin/dist ./yunohost-admin/src/
+    fi
+
+    check_lxd_setup
+    local BOX=${1:-ynh-dev}
+    sudo lxc start $BOX 2>/dev/null || true
+    sudo lxc exec $BOX --cwd /ynh-dev -- /bin/bash
 }
 
 function destroy_ynhdev()
 {
-    check_lxc_setup
-    local NAME=${1:-ynh-dev}
-    vagrant destroy $NAME
+    check_lxd_setup
+    local BOX=${1:-ynh-dev}
+    sudo lxc stop $BOX
+    sudo lxc delete $BOX
 }
 
 function rebuild_ynhdev()
 {
-    check_lxc_setup
+    check_lxd_setup
 
-    local BOX="ynh-dev"
+    local BOX=${1:-ynh-dev}
 
     set -x
-    cd prebuild
-
-    # Create box
-    vagrant up $BOX --provider=lxc --provision || critical "Could not create the box ?"
-
-    # Package box
-    rm -f /tmp/ynh-dev.box
-    vagrant package $BOX --output /tmp/$BOX.box || critical "Could not package package the box ?"
-
-    # Destroy current box
-    vagrant destroy $BOX
-
+    sudo lxc info $BOX-rebuild >/dev/null && sudo lxc delete $BOX-rebuild --force
+    sudo lxc launch images:debian/stretch/amd64 $BOX-rebuild
+    sudo lxc config set $BOX-rebuild security.privileged true
+    sudo lxc restart $BOX-rebuild
+    sudo lxc exec $BOX-rebuild -- apt install curl -y
+    sudo lxc exec $BOX-rebuild -- /bin/bash -c "curl https://install.yunohost.org | bash -s -- -a -d unstable"
+    sudo lxc stop $BOX-rebuild
+    sudo lxc publish $BOX-rebuild --alias $BOX-base
     set +x
-
-    # User message, and exit
-    info "The Vagrant box was packaged to /tmp/$BOX.box"
-    info "You might want to run : vagrant box add 'yunohost/ynh-dev' /tmp/$BOX.box --force"
 }
 
 function show_vm_ip()
@@ -248,26 +258,28 @@ function use_git()
                 getent passwd ynhdev > /dev/null
                 if [ $? -eq 2 ]; then
                     useradd ynhdev
-                    chown -R ynhdev: /ynh-dev/yunohost-admin
                 fi
 
+                mkdir -p /var/cache/ynh-dev/yunohost-admin/{bower_components,node_modules,dist}
+                chown -R ynhdev /var/cache/ynh-dev/yunohost-admin/{bower_components,node_modules,dist}
+
                 # Install npm dependencies if needed
                 which gulp > /dev/null
                 if [ $? -eq 1 ]
                 then
                     info "Installing dependencies to develop in yunohost-admin ..."
 
-                    curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_6.x | sudo -E bash -
-                    sudo apt install nodejs
+                    curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_6.x | bash -
+                    apt install nodejs -y
 
-                    cd /ynh-dev/yunohost-admin/src
-                    sudo npm install --no-bin-links
-                    sudo npm install -g bower
-                    sudo npm install -g gulp
+                    npm install -g bower
+                    npm install -g gulp
                 fi
+
                 cd /ynh-dev/yunohost-admin/src
-                sudo su -c "bower install" ynhdev
-                sudo su -c "gulp build --dev" ynhdev
+                npm install --no-bin-links
+                su ynhdev -c "bower install"
+                su ynhdev -c "gulp build --dev"
 
                 create_sym_link "/ynh-dev/yunohost-admin/src" "/usr/share/yunohost/admin"
 
@@ -280,7 +292,7 @@ function use_git()
                 warn "don't need to re-run npm yourself everytime you change   "
                 warn "something !                                              "
                 warn "-------------------------------------------------------- "
-                sudo su -c "gulp watch --dev" ynhdev
+                su ynhdev -c "gulp watch --dev"
 
                 ;;
         esac