yunohost/helpers/vendor/docker-image-extract
2022-09-07 07:22:04 +02:00

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#!/bin/sh
#
# This script pulls and extracts all files from an image in Docker Hub.
#
# Copyright (c) 2020-2022, Jeremy Lin
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
# to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
# the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
# and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
# Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
# DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
PLATFORM_DEFAULT="linux/amd64"
PLATFORM="${PLATFORM_DEFAULT}"
OUT_DIR="./output"
usage() {
echo "This script pulls and extracts all files from an image in Docker Hub."
echo
echo "$0 [OPTIONS...] IMAGE[:REF]"
echo
echo "IMAGE can be a community user image (like 'some-user/some-image') or a"
echo "Docker official image (like 'hello-world', which contains no '/')."
echo
echo "REF is either a tag name or a full SHA-256 image digest (with a 'sha256:' prefix)."
echo
echo "Options:"
echo
echo " -p PLATFORM Pull image for the specified platform (default: ${PLATFORM})"
echo " For a given image on Docker Hub, the 'Tags' tab lists the"
echo " platforms supported for that image."
echo " -o OUT_DIR Extract image to the specified output dir (default: ${OUT_DIR})"
echo " -h Show help with usage examples"
}
usage_detailed() {
usage
echo
echo "Examples:"
echo
echo "# Pull and extract all files in the 'hello-world' image tagged 'latest'."
echo "\$ $0 hello-world:latest"
echo
echo "# Same as above; ref defaults to the 'latest' tag."
echo "\$ $0 hello-world"
echo
echo "# Pull the 'hello-world' image for the 'linux/arm64/v8' platform."
echo "\$ $0 -p linux/arm64/v8 hello-world"
echo
echo "# Pull an image by digest."
echo "\$ $0 hello-world:sha256:90659bf80b44ce6be8234e6ff90a1ac34acbeb826903b02cfa0da11c82cbc042"
}
if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
usage_detailed
exit 0
fi
while getopts ':ho:p:' opt; do
case $opt in
o)
OUT_DIR="${OPTARG}"
;;
p)
PLATFORM="${OPTARG}"
;;
h)
usage_detailed
exit 0
;;
\?)
echo "ERROR: Invalid option '-$OPTARG'"
echo
usage
exit 1
;;
\:) echo "ERROR: Argument required for option '-$OPTARG'"
echo
usage
exit 1
;;
esac
done
shift $(($OPTIND - 1))
have_curl() {
command -v curl >/dev/null
}
have_wget() {
command -v wget >/dev/null
}
if ! have_curl && ! have_wget; then
echo "This script requires either curl or wget."
exit 1
fi
image_spec="$1"
image="${image_spec%%:*}"
if [ "${image#*/}" = "${image}" ]; then
# Docker official images are in the 'library' namespace.
image="library/${image}"
fi
ref="${image_spec#*:}"
if [ "${ref}" = "${image_spec}" ]; then
echo "Defaulting ref to tag 'latest'..."
ref=latest
fi
# Split platform (OS/arch/variant) into separate variables.
# A platform specifier doesn't always include the `variant` component.
OLD_IFS="${IFS}"
IFS=/ read -r OS ARCH VARIANT <<EOF
${PLATFORM}
EOF
IFS="${OLD_IFS}"
# Given a JSON input on stdin, extract the string value associated with the
# specified key. This avoids an extra dependency on a tool like `jq`.
extract() {
local key="$1"
# Extract "<key>":"<val>" (assumes key/val won't contain double quotes).
# The colon may have whitespace on either side.
grep -o "\"${key}\"[[:space:]]*:[[:space:]]*\"[^\"]\+\"" |
# Extract just <val> by deleting the last '"', and then greedily deleting
# everything up to '"'.
sed -e 's/"$//' -e 's/.*"//'
}
# Fetch a URL to stdout. Up to two header arguments may be specified:
#
# fetch <url> [name1: value1] [name2: value2]
#
fetch() {
if have_curl; then
if [ $# -eq 2 ]; then
set -- -H "$2" "$1"
elif [ $# -eq 3 ]; then
set -- -H "$2" -H "$3" "$1"
fi
curl -sSL "$@"
else
if [ $# -eq 2 ]; then
set -- --header "$2" "$1"
elif [ $# -eq 3 ]; then
set -- --header "$2" --header "$3" "$1"
fi
wget -qO- "$@"
fi
}
# https://docs.docker.com/docker-hub/api/latest/#tag/repositories
manifest_list_url="https://hub.docker.com/v2/repositories/${image}/tags/${ref}"
# If we're pulling the image for the default platform, or the ref is already
# a SHA-256 image digest, then we don't need to look up anything.
if [ "${PLATFORM}" = "${PLATFORM_DEFAULT}" ] || [ -z "${ref##sha256:*}" ]; then
digest="${ref}"
else
echo "Getting multi-arch manifest list..."
digest=$(fetch "${manifest_list_url}" |
# Break up the single-line JSON output into separate lines by adding
# newlines before and after the chars '[', ']', '{', and '}'.
sed -e 's/\([][{}]\)/\n\1\n/g' |
# Extract the "images":[...] list.
sed -n '/"images":/,/]/ p' |
# Each image's details are now on a separate line, e.g.
# "architecture":"arm64","features":"","variant":"v8","digest":"sha256:054c85801c4cb41511b176eb0bf13a2c4bbd41611ddd70594ec3315e88813524","os":"linux","os_features":"","os_version":null,"size":828724,"status":"active","last_pulled":"2022-09-02T22:46:48.240632Z","last_pushed":"2022-09-02T00:42:45.69226Z"
# The image details are interspersed with lines of stray punctuation,
# so grep for an arbitrary string that must be in these lines.
grep architecture |
# Search for an image that matches the platform.
while read -r image; do
# Arch is probably most likely to be unique, so check that first.
arch="$(echo ${image} | extract 'architecture')"
if [ "${arch}" != "${ARCH}" ]; then continue; fi
os="$(echo ${image} | extract 'os')"
if [ "${os}" != "${OS}" ]; then continue; fi
variant="$(echo ${image} | extract 'variant')"
if [ "${variant}" = "${VARIANT}" ]; then
echo ${image} | extract 'digest'
break
fi
done)
fi
if [ -n "${digest}" ]; then
echo "Platform ${PLATFORM} resolved to '${digest}'..."
else
echo "No image digest found. Verify that the image, ref, and platform are valid."
exit 1
fi
# https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/auth/token/#how-to-authenticate
api_token_url="https://auth.docker.io/token?service=registry.docker.io&scope=repository:$image:pull"
# https://github.com/docker/distribution/blob/master/docs/spec/api.md#pulling-an-image-manifest
manifest_url="https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/${image}/manifests/${digest}"
# https://github.com/docker/distribution/blob/master/docs/spec/api.md#pulling-a-layer
blobs_base_url="https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/${image}/blobs"
echo "Getting API token..."
token=$(fetch "${api_token_url}" | extract 'token')
auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $token"
v2_header="Accept: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json"
echo "Getting image manifest for $image:$ref..."
layers=$(fetch "${manifest_url}" "${auth_header}" "${v2_header}" |
# Extract `digest` values only after the `layers` section appears.
sed -n '/"layers":/,$ p' |
extract 'digest')
if [ -z "${layers}" ]; then
echo "No layers returned. Verify that the image and ref are valid."
exit 1
fi
mkdir -p "${OUT_DIR}"
for layer in $layers; do
hash="${layer#sha256:}"
echo "Fetching and extracting layer ${hash}..."
fetch "${blobs_base_url}/${layer}" "${auth_header}" | gzip -d | tar -C "${OUT_DIR}" -xf -
# Ref: https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/image/spec/v1.2.md#creating-an-image-filesystem-changeset
# https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/pkg/archive/whiteouts.go
# Search for "whiteout" files to indicate files deleted in this layer.
OLD_IFS="${IFS}"
find "${OUT_DIR}" -name '.wh.*' | while IFS= read -r f; do
dir="${f%/*}"
wh_file="${f##*/}"
file="${wh_file#.wh.}"
# Delete both the whiteout file and the whited-out file.
rm -rf "${dir}/${wh_file}" "${dir}/${file}"
done
IFS="${OLD_IFS}"
done
echo "Image contents extracted into ${OUT_DIR}."